Stone Butch Blues

Commented on Bibliography Essay In light of the writer examination of online learning condition and distinctive learning styles; it appears that electronic learning condition is an astounding vehicle for improving learning, because of its capacity to acclimate to singular understudy learning styles and inclinations. The article researches the effect of understudies learning style and their exhibition. Online degrees have expanded since 2006. More students are turning out to be all the more innovatively shrewd, and it is those students that are mechanically awkward, who depends on instructional structure from study hall settings and connection with teachers and friends. The examination prompts the appraisal and learning style on understudy accomplishment in a Web based learning condition. On the off chance that it was simply a question of instructional learning it would be a solid match for all, in any case, all doesn't have innovation capacities. On the off chance that all students had these capacities, electronic learning styles would increment. Electronic instructional structure modules are not decisive to certain learning styles. Thought ought to be given to the students attributes whether the student can get a handle on the material by means of the online guidance. Students ought to consider their learning style, persuasive level, capacity to connect with the teacher and their companions. Be that as it may, without these capacities, students’ learning styles will be affected in light of the fact that they do not have the capacities to learn through online guidance modules. Lai, I K. W. Lam, F.K.S. (2010). Impression of different execution measures by partners in the development division in Hong Kong. Exploration is directed to look at changed purposes of perspectives on the significance of execution results in a development venture in Hong Kong. ANOVA was utilized to break down the information comparative with how the exhibitions were estimated. Exhibitions were estimated utilizing a presentation rules beginning with the most significant first, which is time. Opportune fulfillment of an undertaking would forestall loss of income and penalities to the contractual worker. Lai and Lam noticed that development ventures require succinct arran ging, and areâ divided between the specialist and the temporary worker. Be that as it may, each gathering has a huge impact in the projects’ achievement. The distinction between the customer and the contractual worker; the customer typically push for ideal culmination and would offer a motivation reward for opportune finish, be that as it may, the temporary worker would lean toward a sensible length of time, in this way to keep away from penalities to the contract based worker. The customer, advisor, and the contractual worker, all parterner together to make the venture a triumph by bringing work fulfillment, quality, wellbeing, condition, age of imaginative thoughts, execution measures, and adequacy to the undertaking. Staying away from any disasters that will postpone or shield the undertaking from running easily. Williams, A BTM7101-8 Activity 6, pg 2 The consequences of the examination found that time was the most significant factor of the task and ought to be mulled over right off the bat in the arranging procedure, and certain stipends ought to be considered into the financial plan, for example, time limitations, postponements, and incidents that could occur during the development of the undertaking. References Wang, K.H., Wang, J.H., Wang, W.L. Huang, S.C. (2006) Learning styles and developmental evaluation methodology: improving understudy accomplishment in Web-based learning Wang T., Wang K., Wang W., Huang S. Chen S. (2004) Web-based Assessment and Test Analyses (WATA) framework: improvement and assessment. Diary of Computer Assisted Learning 20, 59â€71 Passage N. Chen S. (2000) Individual contrasts, hypermedia route and learning: an observational investigation. Diary of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 9, 281â€312. Seckel, S. (2007 Characteristics and Responsibilities of Successful e-Learners LAI, I. K. W. (2010). View of Various execution rules by stateholders in the development part in Hong kong. Assaf, S.A. what's more, Al-Hejji, S. (2006) Causes of deferral in enormous development ventures. Universal Journal of Project Management, 24(4), 349-57. Naoum, S. (2003) A review into the idea of parternering . Worldwide Journal of Project Management 21(1), 71-6. PAH (2008) Project Administration Handbook for Civil Engineeering Works, 2008 Edition.

Evaluating the Value of the Multifactor Leadership

Assessing the Value of the Multifactor Leadership The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) is one of the most broadly utilized instruments to gauge administration capacity and conduct in associations and hierarchical examinations. Anyway this doesn't mean it is without imperfections. This report will depict and talk about the MLQ and its fundamental purposes. It will break down authority speculations and the manners by which the test reverberates with and clashes with specific hypotheses. Specifically it will take a gander at exemplary and contemporary authority viewpoints and hypotheses and how it has been applied to the improvement of the MLQ and the Multifactor Leadership Model the survey depends on. This report will show that while there are blemishes in the structure, development, legitimacy and functional use of the MLQ, it is a solid apparatus when utilized related to other administration choice and advancement devices and offers a lot of guarantee in assessing authority capacity and practices, devotee responses and sit uational characteristics. In 1978, Burns recommended that pioneers could be recognized as far as value-based or transformational pioneers (Parry and Bryman, 2006, p 450). In his work, value-based initiative comprised of a trade procedure between the pioneer and supporter in which the pioneer offers a compensation for consistence with their agreement (Parry and Bryman, 2006, p 450) and depends on remunerations and discipline. Transformational initiative then again is the way toward propelling devotees or partners to accomplish more than initially anticipated utilizing appeal, impact and vision by moving adherents mentalities, convictions and qualities, instead of basically picking up consistence (Parry and Bryman, 2006, p 450; Rafferty and Griffin, 2004, p 330). Notwithstanding, Burns suggested that a pioneer was either transformational or value-based, and that the two were at furthest edges of the range. During the 1980s, Basss approach had the option to draw intensely on Burns work, yet conjectured that fruitful pioneers were transformational and value-based. Bass hypothesis spoke to a blend of transformational, value-based and non-value-based free enterprise initiative elements (Antonakis et al, 2003, p 264). Bass propositioned that transformational and value-based initiative styles are discrete and free measurements that show up all the while (Tejeda, Scandura and Pillai, 2001, p 33) and that the value-based qualities would convey the fundamental needs of an association, while the transformational properties would cultivate change and empower duty. He accepted that each pioneer shows every one of the styles somewhat and called this the Full Range of Leadership Model (Bass, 1998, p. 7). Anyway a viable pioneer would exhibit transformational traits all the more as often as possible then value-based properties. Key to Bass research is the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Hartog, Muijen and Koopman, 1997, p21). The MLQ is an administration appraisal instrument that estimates authority conduct and style. It is the essential estimation instrument of research on the hypothesis (Tejeda et al, 2001, p 34). In its latest configuration, the MLQ is a short however extensive study of 45 things which quantifies a full scope of authority styles (http://www.cornerstonecoaching.com.au/MLQ_Questionnaire.html, 20/09/2010). The MLQ is intended to assess the variables that are identified with administration and how these elements decide the proficiency and adequacy of a pioneer. It surveys the transformational administration with five scales: 1) glorified traits, 2) romanticized practices, 3) uplifting inspiration, 4) scholarly incitement and 5) individualized characterisation (Muenjohn and Armstrong, 2008, p 5). Three scales are recognized as qualities of value-based authority: 1) unexpected prize, 2 ) the board by special case: dynamic and the board by exemption: latent and one scale for Non-administration, free enterprise (Muenjohn and Armstrong, 2008, p 5). It additionally evaluates the result of administration as far as adequacy and fulfillment. The ebb and flow adaptation of the MLQ (Form 5X) was created dependent on the consequences of investigations of the past renditions and the input of initiative researchers who updated the poll (XXXXX IN Antonakis, Avolio and Sivasubramaniam, 2003, p 265) and is utilized broadly in inquire about and across associations in administration evaluation and advancement. Initiative Theories and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire The Multifactor Leadership Model has gotten one of the most generally refered to hypothesis of authority, and keeping in mind that (Bass, 1990b, in Hartog et al, 1997, p19) claims that the value-based transformational administration model is another worldview, and doesn't supplant or clarify different models, the model does in certainty coordinate thoughts from exemplary and contemporary speculations of initiative. Up until the late 1940s, the attribute based methodology ruled authority draws near (Parry and Bryman, 2006, p 448). These hypotheses detached qualities that separated pioneers from non-pioneers dependent on the reason that pioneers are conceived, to a degree, and that the abilities required are inborn and are not created after some time. The Multifactor Leadership Theory isn't a characteristic based methodology anyway it is clear that there are sure attributes shown that separate a transformational pioneer from a value-based pioneer or characteristics that are not conside red as administration characteristics. For example, certainty (question 25), pride (question 10), positive thinking (question 9), resiliance and eagerness (question 13) are viewed as attributes of transformational pioneers. One inquiry in the MLQ states my partners and supporters trust me and display the qualities I portray㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ (www.mlq.com.au, got to 21/09/2010). In this inquiry, dependability is an attribute that is seen as significant for transformational initiative. Indeed, Bass methodology depends on the idea of the attribute or normal for magnetism. Anyway what the MLQ doesn't do is express that initiative characteristics are inborn, and that pioneers can't be created. A key preferred position of the MLQ is that it is an instrument to survey authority aptitudes and form the pioneer into getting progressively viable, productive and transformational and show where advancement is required. From beginning, the multifaceted authority model joined before conduct ways to deal with administration (Sashkin, 2004 in Antonakis, Cianciolo and Stenberg, 2004, p 175). Conduct measurements are activities that moves by imparting a dream, activities that express contemplations and practices that draw in and challenge supporters to have an independent mind (Sashkin, 2004 in Antonakis et al, 2004, p 175). A standout amongst other known ways to deal with social authority speculations comes from look into attempted by a gathering of specialists at the Ohio State University. Stogdill and Coons distinguished two components of administration in their examinations, alluded to as thought or worker arranged authority and starting structure or creation situated initiative (Antonakis, Cianciolo and Stenberg, 2004, p 7), not at all like value-based, or task focussed initiative. It is imperative to take note of that not at all like attribute based ways to deal with administration which centers around qualities that is seen to make a decent pioneer, social methodologies stress that conduct can be changed, and through preparing, people can be better pioneers. The MLQ is an instrument that surveys current conduct and can be utilized as an apparatus to help with creating people to better pioneers. In 1967, Fiedlar proposed a possibility model of initiative adequacy which estimated the administration direction of the individual finishing it (Fiedlar, 1967 in Parry and Byrman, 2006, p 449). The pioneer was either human-relations arranged, that is, chivalrous of the subordinates sentiments and worried about encouraging great relations, or errand persuaded (Parry and Byrman, 2006, p 449). Like Burns approach on value-based and transformational initiative, Fiedlar suggested that pioneers were either human-relations arranged or task spurred, and could exchange contingent upon the situational factors. The MLQ anyway demonstrates that for a pioneer to be successful, both assignment situated characteristics and change ascribes should have been shown. The two were not mutually dependent. The hypothesis centers around unexpected award as inspiration, and is like value-based pioneer traits. Nonetheless, the hypothesis featured that since a pioneers character doesn't transform, it is rathe r important to change the situational factors rather, for example, task structure, position force or pioneer part relations (Parry and Byrman, 2006, p 449). The MLQ is an appraisal device dependent on breaking down a people practices and qualities and creating or changing their conduct to transformational pioneers as opposed to value-based or non-pioneers as opposed to the need to change nature or circumstance. The multifaceted model appears to come from examine directed from the late 1980s onwards and the speculations that got known as contemporary points of view. One such model is authority through passionate insight (EI). EI is reliably connected with great initiative and is the capacity to comprehend and oversee sentiments, states of mind and feelings in self as well as other people (Kupers and Weibler, 2005, p 369). The association among feelings and transformational authority was evaluated by investigate led in 2001 by Palmer, Walls and Burgess by estimating passionate knowledge in 43 members in administrative jobs utilizing the Trait Meta Mood Scale, and successful transformational initiative qualities were estimated by the MLQ. It was discovered that there was a positive relationship among's EI and transformational administration, a factor that has not been missed by Bass, who announced that initiative is as much passionate and emotional as normal and goal as a result (1999, p 19 in Kupers and Weibler, 2005, p 369). This and other research has sugge

Influence of Twnety20 Cricket on Cricket Stakeholders

Impact of Twnety20 Cricket on Cricket Stakeholders Section ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction This exploration on the effect of twenty20 cricket on worldwide cricket endeavors to investigate the view of both essential and optional partners of the game in the universal field. Twenty20 cricket is probably the most extravagant industry, which is esteemed at around a billion dollar over the globe. Twenty20 cricket is one of the universes sports with numerous excited members, observers just as media intrigue. Twenty20 Cricket has started new life and given reclamation to cricket everywhere throughout the globe. The Twenty20 variant of the game has been a central point in endeavoring to additionally globalize, market and advance the game. Cricket is one the most famous and popular game on the planet. Cricket is a built up group activity for many years and extremely famous in nations, for example, India, Pakistan, West Indies, South Africa and England. Like other donning exercises, twenty20 cricket is a pro game that is looked for after by the two people because of its various advan tageous traits. This famous and valuable action gives you physical wellness as well as mental quality and sharpness as well. A game helps an individual in building an extremely inspirational mentality. It has additionally become a piece of training and schedules of individuals. The primary of the exploration is to decide the effect of twenty20 cricket sport on global cricket. This section will in general layout foundation of the investigation and issue articulation. Likewise, it examines the examination questions, inquire about destinations and the hugeness of the investigation separated from introducing the exploration diagram. 1.2 Study Background The birthplace of Cricket game can be followed from the time of the dim ages, most likely after the Roman Empire, unquestionably preceding the Normans attacking England and in all likelihood some place in Northern Europe. Conditional confirmations recommend the way that this game was begun in Saxon or Norman occasions by youngsters living in south east piece of England in a region of thick forests known as Weald. It is for the most part accepted that cricket was to a greater extent a kids game as opposed to the grown-ups. It was taken up by the grown-ups in seventeenth century and from that point forward, this game kept on expanding its prevalence and open acknowledgment and never thought back. To the extent the name of term â€Å"cricket â€Å"is concerned it is by and large accepted that this word had different potential sources. The most punctual source is followed back to 1598 when it was called as cricket. It is believed to be gotten from Middle Dutch term â€Å"krick â€Å" meaning a stick. There are another terms likewise accessible which all recommend the conceivable inclusion of Dutch in this game. The sport of Cricket is known to range from the sixteenth century with matches being played since 1844, albeit authoritatively ‘International Test Cricket was played from the year 1877 onwards. Test cricket is the most established and longest type of cricket. It is additionally considered as the most dependable and moving type of cricket to gauge the value of any group where 2 innings are played by each group. After the hurl the group that bats first heaps on however many runs as would be prudent and announces the innings. At that point comes the turn of other group thus the match goes on until the conclusive outcome. The ubiquity and appeal of test cricket is diminishing step by step due to the beginning of new all the more energizing types of cricket. Hopwood (2005) contends that the sport of Cricket has been administered by the guidelines for ove r 250 years. The Marylebone Cricket Club has been a definitive figure in advancing the principles of cricket and its ensuing revisions. In the year 2000, the MCC overhauled the principles of Cricket and acquainted Spirit of Cricket with the laws of the game to keep up the novel character and happiness regarding the game. One day cricket is the most conspicuous and seen type of cricket on the planet. It is being played and viewed by the individuals with incredible energy. The most well known occasion â€Å"World Cup† of cricket is likewise founded on the example of one day cricket. The greater part of the significant and well known titles in cricket depend on one day matches. The one-day global cricket is a late twentieth century advancement. On fifth January 1971, first ODI was played among Australia and England and till now it is famous among the cricket fans. Cricket matches are played and enjoyed by the individuals on national and worldwide level (Birley, 2003). There are numerous sorts of cricket like nation cricket, club cricket, indoor cricket, womens cricket and cricket for blinds, yet the most conspicuous and well known three kinds of cricket which are perceived by ICC (International Cricket Council) are test cricket, at some point and recently started structure twenty20 cricket. The a ppearance of Twenty20 on the cricketing scene has without a doubt isolated the cricketing club. Some accept that it is only a crime and ought not be energized at any expense. They contend that since Twenty20 supports a long way from-specialized cricket youths needing to get the game will be confused into accepting that cricket is tied in with attempting to hit 6s and 4s regardless of how you do it. Additionally it will make the confusion that cricket is a batsmans game and that there is next to no motivating force in bowling since the bowlers are normally the ones at the less than desirable end. In such a situation not many youths may take up bowling or trouble learning the better purposes of the specialty. Furthermore there is consistently the contention that Twenty20 cricket will wean away enthusiasm from the conventional configurations of the game, particularly Test cricket. Nonetheless, sentiment with respect to Twenty20 cricket despite everything stays isolated as its advertise rs demand that it won't supplant any of the conventional arrangements however on the opposite will build enthusiasm for them by pulling more individuals towards cricket in general. They likewise contend that the Twenty20 organization is an incredible method for acquainting cricket with the non-cricketing world which is utilized to quick games, for example, football. There is no uncertainty that the T20 rendition of the game has gotten the most famous and satisfactory in the ongoing occasions however it can't be said that different types of the games have been neglected. After the initiation of T20 cricket, many idea that the test cricket will be bit by bit doused from the cricket world. It is anyway off-base to state. All the legends of cricket still immovably accept that test cricket is the hardest and strongest type of cricket which defeats any player. Test cricket makes a decision about mental capacity and quality, the endurance and flexibility factor and different things of the player which twenty 20 cricket can't pass judgment. The round of Twenty20 game includes two groups; every ha a solitary innings, batting for a limit of 20 overs. Twenty20 game is finished in around three hours, with every inning enduring around 75 minutes, subsequently carrying the game nearer to the time length of other well known group activities, for example, football (Hopwood, 2005). It was acquainted with make a vivacious type of the game which would be appealing to onlookers at the ground and watchers on TV. Since its beginning the game has spread around the cricket world. The possibility of an abbreviated arrangement of the game at an expert level was talked about by the English and Wales Cricket Boardin 1998 and 2001. When theBenson and Hedges Cupended in 2002, theEnglish and Wales Cricket Board required another day rivalry to fill its place. The cricketing specialists were hoping to help the games picture and prevalence with the more youthful age in light of waning groups and diminished sponsorship. It was expected to convey quick paced, energizing cricket available to a huge number of fans who were put off by the more extended adaptations of the game (test cricket and one-day global cricket). Stuart Robertson, the showcasing chief of the English and Wales Cricket Board, proposed a 20 over per innings game to region directors in 2001 and they casted a ballot 11-7 for receiving the new configuration. In excess of 30 center gatherings were prepared. 4,000, 15-minute, up close and personal meetings were set up to measure the open hunger for the game. The picture of Cricket in England had consistently been that of a game which is moderate paced, quiet and exhausting. The crowds distinguished the length of the matches to be long, though Test Match Cricket (5 days) of One-Day Cricket (8 hours). Easton (1996) contends that the general recognition and picture in the brains of people in general was that Cricket is a kind of game which as a general rule brings about exhausting draws (Test Cricket). Indeed, even i n one-day cricket (50 overs), the batsmen would score their runs at a truly moderate rate bringing about a dull display for the groups going to watch matches at the different cricket grounds. Hopwood (2005) keeps up that the England and Wales Cricket Board had at first introducedTwenty20 cricket as an approach to recover the groups in residential cricket. The principal Twenty20 Cup in 2003 (presently known as the Friends Provident T20) was advertised with the sloganâ€Å"I dont like cricket, I love it†and it was pointed particularly at the young as opposed to the cricket specialist. It was intended to be a game that would unite the whole family for a night of fun and jamboree like air. The finals of the 2003 Twenty20 Cup (in 2003) saw exhibitions by pop stars and musical crews and the gathering like air made it a memorable night. It was an enormous accomplishment as the groups were wonderfully overwhelmed. More than the cricket on field the thought was to have some good times ; cricket just gave the methods. This was the ‘fast nourishment of cricket and the individuals simply cherished each and every chomp. From that point forward Twenty20 has gradually ascended in prominence. The principal official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English areas in theTwenty20 Cup (presently known as the Friends Provident T20). The principal period of T

Cycle of Juvenile Justice - Free Essay Example

Abstract This paper will explore and give a synopsis on the cycle of juvenile justice. The synopsis will include a look at the past 200 years of juvenile justice policies in the United States. According to the text, Bernard and Kurlychek believe the cycle is driven by several unchanging ideas that force us to repeat, rather than learn from, our history (Bernard, T., Kurlychek, M. (2010).). Among these beliefs is also that, juvenile crime is at an all-time high and getting worse. They believe that the juvenile justice system itself is responsible for the high crime levels among juveniles. However, in this paper reform of the system will effectively address this problem. Furthermore, because of these issues among the cycle of the juvenile justice system, Bernard and Kurlychek believe that it is inevitable that any reform successfully enacted will help with juvenile crime, since it arises not from the juvenile justice system, but from deeper problems like, social conditions, inequalities and ones environment. In addition, to help with juvenile crime, this paper will include three best practices for ending the cycle. Keywords: punishment, juvenile, justice, cycle, crime, treatment The past 200 years, juvenile justice has undergone a range of transformations. In the United States, about 100 years ago, a separate juvenile justice system was established for the youth. However, throughout most of history, the youth in society did not always enjoy a separate status. Once an individual reached age five or six, she or he became a member of society and was expected to follow the same guidelines as adults. This extended to the field of legal sanctions, where children were viewed as adults and were subject to the same regulations and rules. During this time, a separate system for dealing with youthful offenders did not exist. The laws that had been created made no difference based on age of the offender. The laws allowed for and prescribed harsh punishment towards the young people, which subsequently called for a process of nullification or refusal to put in force the same laws for adults and younger people. Changes in how to deal with youth crimes emerges in the early 1800s as American society was undergoing major shifts. The industrialization was drawing people to the cities, which caused cities to become overcrowded and a great deal of poverty. The new separate juvenile justice system tried to divert youthful offenders from destructive punishments of criminal courts and promote rehabilitation. They wanted to focus on the child as a person in need of help and not on an act that brought him or her before the court. However, the proceedings were very informal, with a great deal of discretion left to the juvenile court judge. During this time, the judge was to act in the best interest of the childs procedural safeguards available to adults, for matters such as, the right to know the charges brought against one, the right to an attorney and the right to trial. The court proceedings were closed to the public and juvenile records were to remain confidential, so it would not intervene with t he childs ability to be rehabilitated and reintegrated into society. Language that was used in the juvenile court proceedings even change to wording like, juveniles were not charged with crimes, but rather with delinquencies, they were not found guilty, but are adjudicated delinquent and they were not sent to prison but did go to training schools or reformatory. Furthermore, changes did not just stop here, there are still ongoing changes today within the juvenile justice system to deter youthful members of society from criminal acts. These ongoing changes within the juvenile justice system has been a major issue for the general public and youthful members of society. This is because many people believe that there is a cyclical pattern in the juvenile justice system, in which the same sequence of polices has been repeated over three times in the last two hundred years (). Since these polices are being repeated it is becoming hard to punish juveniles for their delinquent acts. However, when juvenile crime level is high there are many harsh punishments but few lenient treatments for juvenile offenders. Because of few lenient treatments not being available justice officials are forced to choose between harsh punishment or doing nothing at all. Bernard, Thomas J, and colleagues explore this issue in their book, The Cycle of Juvenile Justice. One should take from this paper a synopsis of this book and three best practices to end the cycle. Justice officials and the general public believes that the cycle begins at a time when juvenile crime is very high. However, Bernard and colleagues believe that having to choose between harsh punishments and doing nothing at all is part of the problem. This is because harsh punishments and doing nothing all will increase juvenile crimes. The authors believe the best solution is to introduce lenient treatments for juvenile offenders and the juvenile crime rate will decline Many people have their own idea of the juvenile justice system and juvenile delinquency. In addition, these ideas drive the juvenile justice system from policy to policy, which causes it to keep being repeated. Bernard and colleagues believe that when the juvenile justice system is reform it should provide a brief and readily understandable image of the policies that the reformer want to implement. The reformer should also include why the new policy will work by giving a simple image of the kind of delinquents people are. This will help people understand juvenile justice policies and practices. Reformers must get people to understand their ideas about juvenile delinquency and the juvenile delinquent. They must show how these changes will affect the delinquent, crime rate and juvenile justice system. Furthermore, Reformers must first study history and identify aspects of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice that has remain the same for the last two hundred years and did not work. Bernard et al., (2010) states that the past could help figure out how the juvenile justice system have arrived at their current situation, which also could help them prepare for the future. The authors in this book go on to include aspects of the juvenile justice and juvenile delinquency they believe have stayed the same for the last two years, which cause the system to repeat itself. For example, juvenile males commit more crime and there are laws that only juveniles must obey (). The authors elaborate on how each aspect effect the youthful members of society. These aspects also have stayed the same and at each point in time, people believe that the juvenile justice system changed. However, the authors did find that youthful males commit more crimes by studying statistics over time. They found that 80 percent of violent juvenile offenders where male and they are highly overrepresented in the population (). The authors found that a lot people believe that increase delinquency comes from gangs and people raising their children without morals today. Seeing all these violent criminal acts among juveniles and high arrest rates, the general public believe that this is a rece nt phenomenon and youthful members of society was not like this back in the day. Bernard and colleagues go on to show how arrest rates fluctuated back in the day and after World War II arrest increase. During this time people thought juvenile arrest rates were high and getting out of hand. However, when compared to todays arrest rate they were low and older members of society starting to notice that. They now have this mindset that if the juvenile laws were like the old days then the crime rate would be low. Furthermore, this is the misconception that keep the cycle of the juvenile justice system repeating because one minute its harsh punishments and next it is lenient punishments. The authors believe that reformers need to look for times when juvenile delinquency was low and determine the societal factors that led to that instead of implanting policies that were in place years ago. The authors look back inside the juvenile justice to help individuals understand societal factors that led to juvenile delinquency. They first elaborate on origin of the modern juvenile justice system, which is talked about earlier in this paper. While exploring the cycle of juvenile justice Bernard and colleagues elaborate on factors that may have contributed to delinquency like, industrialization and urbanization. Industrialization is where the number of moveable good increase, which leads to a rise in property crimes committed by juveniles. Urbanization is another one of the important factors because it brought juvenile offenders into close contact with each other, which added the tendency to commit criminal acts. The authors also found that the way the system responded to delinquency in the earlier years also contributed to youthful delinquency. Justice officials would lock youthful individuals up even for minor offenses. However, the authors also wanted individuals to understan d the idea of child hood and how it contributed to delinquency. In the earlier years, a lot of families were poor, which caused children to steal from the wealthier people in society. Once delinquency started to increase the first institution was built in New York City. Bernard and colleagues discuss the earlier times in New York City when they define poor people as pauperism, which is people who are rebellious, lazy, hostile and refuse to work. Paupers stole things, let their children run wild and go into fights with others. People believe paupers were poor because they were corrupt. Prominent citizen believes that if these individuals were honest and hardworking, they would have an adequate lifestyle. Pauperism was the reason New York was in chaos, so established thing like penitentiaries, where prisoners worked in silence and make goods to pay for their stay. The authors discuss pauperism a lot in this book because of the impact it had on society. It called for the first separate juvenile facilities. Therefore, the house of refuge for children in danger of growing up to be paupers and criminals was established which was called the New York House of Refuge. This is where youth were sentence for their criminal acts. Children were sent here from all over to be punish for their criminal acts. Children would work for eight hours a day and spend four house a day in school. Around this time, other major matters happen like the parens patriae, the case of Mary Ann Crouse and the case of Daniel OConnell. These was of poor children who were illegally sent to the New York House of Refuge. The OConnell help establish the first juvenile court in Chicago and the judge ruled that it was illegal to send a poor child to reform schools unless they committed a crime. Furthermore, these court cases the authors expand upon demonstrate how our evolving definitions of delinquent acts and of the delinquent have directly affected people view if what constitute as juvenile justice. Bernard and colleagues also elaborate on some recent developments in the juvenile justice system, beginning with 1960s due process movement and the early 1970s that represented the first U.S. Supreme Court intervention. To help with the internal workings and process of the juvenile justice, some important cases were involved like, Mapp v. Ohio (1961), which concerned the Fourth Amendment prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizures, and Miranda v. Arizona (1965), which concerned the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination (). These are two of the five cases the authors include in the book that help establish due process and citizen rights. In fact, Kent v. United States (1966), case was the first juvenile case ever heard by the Supreme Court (). Cases like these also help establish protection for juveniles. However, these cases also showed that the Supreme Court reform does not seem consistent with lessons from history. Theses cases showed that the Supreme court reform over time does not seem fit into the cycle because it does not establish lenient structural treatment nor toughen punishments over long period of time. Furthermore, to help better under this the authors talk about 7 lesson of history on why the Supreme Court reform does not fit into the cycle, like lesson 4 the Supreme Court reform did not attempt to change the behavior of the rich. These lessons were based off the cases that happen throughout history and the reforms. The first institution for juveniles was establish by men, but the first juvenile court was established as a result of the work done by women. Because of all the cases that happen throughout history, juveniles now had the power to fight against the state and right to be represented by an attorney. The authors explore this more by looking at the aftermath of the due process movement and documenting which proposed changes did and did not occur to the adjudicatory stage. The authors give 7 lesson of history explaining why the adjudication and due process did not work during this time. They found that mainly because justice officials did not provide changes in juvenile courts and juvenile defendants were not being provided satisfactory in due process protection, which lead to petitioned to court and found delinquent. Furth more, the authors also go to find that the courts intentions were not implemented and as we know today, they were using the Get Tough movement. This where they started sentencing juveniles in more punitive measures. In addition, this moment eventually went away once people start seeing that it was too harsh. Now, in the 21st century the authors find that there may be another reform going on within the system because some states are now recreating juvenile justice systems within adult criminal justice system to handle all adults under the age of 18. They found indications that juvenile courts may also be moving in a more lenient direction in disposition hearings and not in adjudication hearings. Moreover, Bernard and colleagues go on to elaborate on some of the new and not so new ideas and policies emerging today within the juvenile justice system. They look at changes that have occurred so far to see how they will fit into the juvenile justice cycle and what direction it may prescribe for the future. Based on the history of juvenile justice system the authors predict the cycle will continue and juvenile crime will remain high. Bernard and colleagues believe that the cycle of juvenile justice cannot be broken by any juvenile justice policy because all policies are eventually broken. They believe if justice officials wanted to break the cycle, they would have to change their belief that an as-yet undiscovered policy will change juveniles into a low crime rate group. Furthermore, justice officials and the general public ideas is whats driving the cycle and any new policy that is put into place is retired because of ideas like crime was not like this in the good old days. In addition, the cycle of juvenile justice cannot be broken until people ideas about juvenile delinquency and the juvenile delinquent change. Justice Officials today are still trying to change the behavior of juvenile delinquents and their parents. However, we must first look at the larger issues that cause youth individuals to become delinquents. This could help with finding ways to end the cycle among juveniles. To help end this cycle, justice officials must first start where the problem begun which is social conditions, then they should add more preventive and community programs that have been proven to work. Reading this book has taught me that social conditions is where the juvenile delinquency started. If justice officials want to end the cycle they must start with the social problems. These problems begun from things like, modernization and urbanization, where they brought juvenile offender in close contact with each other. These youth were living in areas that generated delinquency. These areas consisted of the poor or lower-class individuals in society. The main issues were the problems these individuals face, like racism, living in poverty, and inequality. This cause disorder among neighborhoods, which leads to antisocial behavior and then juvenile delinquency. However, social changes are required in order to solve the problem with juvenile delinquency. If the justice officials continue to focus on treating the delinquent and not the social conditions that lead to delinquency, the juvenile justice system will continue the cycle. Since reformers are not willing to change social conditions, other things could be implemented to try to end the cycle like, more community involvement or including policies that have been shown to work in the past. Strengthening the role of families in communities to dissuade juvenile delinquency is a great way to make sure that children are supported in their everyday lives. Having afterschool programs, community partnership programs and family support programs are great ways to keep youth and adults involve in their communities. Once kids are let out of school, studies have shown that most youth commit their criminal acts around that time. However, if children are involved in afterschool programs such as, football, or cheerleading they wouldnt have time to be in delinquent acts. Having these programs could help end the cycle of juvenile justice because more families would be involved in the community and less crime would be committed by the youth. Another practice to try to end the cycle is incorporating policies that have proven to work in the past to deter crime. In part of the book, Bernard and colleagues discuss how keeping the ideas and using them over and over is whats causing the cycle to continue. In order to end the cycle, justice officials must trust that a new policy will work. The authors states that the ideas that the public have about the juvenile justice system is whats driving the policy because people tend to think crime was not high back in the day. Justice official continue to use old policies that does not work and retire any new one that is put into place. Justice officials should find a point where a policy was working and include that with something new. In order to end the cycle, it must stop repeating itself and to do this, justice officials must come up with new ways to deter youth from committing criminal acts. Furthermore, justice officials should start using policy that have shown to work. Reading this book has taught me why individuals should start from the past when trying to figure out why something is going wrong. The authors of this books showed why the juvenile justice system kept ending up in a cycle. Social conditions, general public ideas and not giving new policies a try is why the juvenile justice system keep ending up in a cycle. The juvenile justice policies must be changed based on actual performance and not good intentions. Therefore, creating a policy that responds to a problem it has not created would possibly help end the cycle of juvenile justice. Also look at social conditions could help end the cycle because this is where juvenile delinquency started. However, the authors wanted individuals to understand that if justice officials continue to use the general public ideas about delinquency and of the delinquent, the cycle will continue. They must first look at where the problem begun and then trust that a new policy will work.

Examples of Self-Fulfilling Prophecy in Sociology

A self-fulfilling prophecy is a sociological term used to describe what happens when a false belief influences peoples behavior in such a way that it ultimately shapes reality. This concept has appeared in many cultures for centuries, but American sociologist Robert K. Merton coined the term and developed it for use in sociology. Today, the idea of a self-fulfilling prophecy is commonly used by sociologists as an analytic lens through which to study student performance, deviant or criminal behavior, and the impact of racial stereotypes on targeted groups. Robert K. Mertons Self-Fulfilling Prophecy In 1948, Merton used the term self-fulfilling prophecy in an article. He framed his discussion of this concept with symbolic interaction theory, which states that, through interaction, people bring about a shared definition of the situation in which they find themselves. He argued  that self-fulfilling prophecies begin as false definitions of situations, but that behavior based on the ideas attached to this false understanding recreates the situation in such a way that the original false definition becomes true. Mertons description of the self-fulfilling prophecy is rooted in the Thomas theorem, formulated by sociologists W. I. Thomas and D. S. Thomas. This theorem states that if people define situations as real, they are then real in their consequences. Both Mertons definition of self-fulfilling prophecy and the Thomas theorem reflect the fact that beliefs act as social forces. They have, even when false, the power to shape our behavior in very real ways. Symbolic interaction theory explains this by highlighting that people act in situations largely based on how they read those situations, and what they believe the situations mean to them or to the others participating in them. What we believe to be true about a situation then shapes our behavior and how we interact with the others present. In The Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology, sociologist Michael Briggs provides an easy three-step way to understand how self-fulfilling prophecies become true. X believes that y is p.X, therefore, does p.Because of 2, y becomes p. Examples of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies in Sociology A number of sociologists have documented the effects of self-fulfilling prophecies in education. This occurs primarily as a result of teacher expectation. The two classic examples are of high and low expectations. When a teacher has high expectations for a student and communicates those expectations to the student through his behavior and words, the student then typically does better in school than they would otherwise. Conversely, when a teacher has low expectations for a student and communicates this to the student, the student will perform more poorly in school than she otherwise would. Taking Mertons view, one can see that, in either case, the teachers expectations for the students are creating a certain definition of the situation that rings true for both the student and the teacher. That definition of the situation then impacts the students behavior, making the teachers expectations real in the behavior of the student. In some cases, a self-fulfilling prophecy is positive, but, in many, the effect is negative. Sociologists have documented that race, gender, and class biases frequently influence the level of expectations that teachers have for students. Teachers  often expect black and Latino students to perform worse than white and Asian students. They may also expect girls to perform worse than boys in certain subjects like science and math, and low-income students to perform worse than middle- and upper-income students. In this way, race, class, and gender biases, which are rooted in stereotypes, can act as self-fulfilling prophecies and actually create poor performance among the groups targeted with low expectations. This ultimately results in these groups performing poorly in school. Similarly, sociologists have documented how labeling kids delinquents or criminals leads to delinquent and criminal behavior. This particular self-fulfilling prophecy has become so common across the U.S. that sociologists have given it a name: the school-to-prison pipeline. It is a phenomenon that is also rooted in racial stereotypes, primarily ones of black and Latino boys, but documentation suggests that it affects black girls as well. Examples of self-fulfilling prophecies show how powerful our beliefs are. Good or bad, these expectations can alter what societies look like. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Langston Hughes - A Literary Genius Essay - 2076 Words

Langston Hughes (1902-1967), one of the most prominent figures in the world of Harlem, has come to be an African American poet as well as a legend of a variety of fields such as music, childrens literature and journalism. Through his poetry, plays, short stories, novels, autobiographies, childrens books, newspaper columns, Negro histories, edited anthologies, and other works, Hughes is considered a voice of the African-American people and a prime example of the magnificence of the Harlem Renaissance who promoted equality, condemned racism and injustice that the Negro society endured, and left behind a precious literary and enduring legacy for the future generations. In an endeavor to explore why and to what extent his poetry has still†¦show more content†¦society. Besides, delivering his poetry from his heart, Hughes made many black readers feel as though everyday practices of their lives was portrayed in his writing, as writer Ishmael Reed once said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We shou ld honor Langston Hughes for his ability to say what was in souls of millionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? . In a 1996 essay on Langston Hughes Collected Poems in the New Republic, Helen Vendler, one of Americas top poetry critics, echoed Rampersadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point when she said that most of his poems are accessible to anyone who can read, and even the more allusive ones generally mention events that were, at the time, in the daily newspapers . In addition, when mentioning of Hughesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ masterpiece à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ The Negro Speak of Riversà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, Kevin Powell, writer, founding staff member and former senior writer for Vibe magazine who helped introduce the hip-hop generation to Hughes work, noted, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Any group can relate to that piece. If youre an immigrant coming from Ireland or Italy, or a Jew who has escaped Nazi Germany, or if youre a woman, you can relate to that piece _ or if youre gay or lesbian, or obviously if youre African-American. However, behind their apparent simplicity, the glory of Langston Hughes poems was to use many symbols to illustrate his main themes and still maintain the elements of profundity, humor and irony in the meanings such as those in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Ku Kluxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Negro Speak of Riversà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What Happened to a Dream Deferred ?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I, too, SingShow MoreRelatedJames Mecer Langston Hughes: Literary Genius1763 Words   |  8 PagesLiterary Genius James Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. James Hughes and Carrie Langston are Hughes’ parents. They later divorced when Hughes was young. After his parents divorced he went to live with his grandmother until he turned thirteen years old. At thirteen years old he moved to Lincoln, Illinois. After living in Illinois he later moved to Cleveland, Ohio to live with his mother. When he moved to Cleveland he started writing poetry (â€Å"James Mercer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  parRead MoreLangston Hughes Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes was a large influence on the African-American population of America. Some of the ways he did this was how his poetry influenced Martin Luther King Jr. and the Harlem Renaissance. These caused the civil rights movement that resulted in African-Americans getting the rights that they deserved in the United States. Hughes was born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents divorced when he was young and his grandmother raised him. She got him into literature and education; she was one ofRead MoreAnalysis of Langston Hughes ´ The Negro Speaks of Rivers927 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes A Poetic of the Harlem Renaissance During the Harlem Renaissance copious African Americans writers arose from this movement including Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, Countee Cullen, and especially Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes has endured hardships from the time his parents separated to being raised in different cities. Hughes has tried multiple times to reconnect with his father, but it never succeeded. Although Langston Hughes has a complicated relationship with his fatherRead More Langston Hughes Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pages Langston Hughes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People always listen to music, watch movies or plays, and even read poetry without once even thinking what is could be that helps and artist eventually create a masterpiece. Often times, it is assumed that artists just have a â€Å"gift†, and people just do not consider the circumstances and situations that gradually mold a dormant idea into a polished reality. This seems to be the case with nearly every famous actor, writer, painter, or musician; including the ever-famousRead MoreThe Innate Genius Behind By Langston Hughes944 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes was a pioneer of African-American literature and while he wrote an abundance of short stories, essays and plays, he is most well-known for his poetry. The innate genius behind these poems was that he wrote about the everyday lives of American men and women using simple and easily relatable language to invoke a sense of grand importance that most people could understand. His poetry presents a commentary in which both races can begin to better understand one another and also critiquesRead MoreLangston Hughes And His Harlem Dream1902 Words   |  8 PagesLangston Hughes and His Harlem Dream An explosion of written and artistic creativity, a time of social awareness and enlightenment among the black race. The Harlem Renaissance, originally known as ‘The New Negro Movement’, began after the first world war and lasted until the middle of the 1930’s depression. Harlem became a destination for African Americans throughout the early 1900’s as part of the great migration. As more blacks made Harlem their home, it increasingly became well known as an AfricanRead More Reviews of Notes of a Native Son Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagescame to the conclusion that Baldwin’s use of words was extremely eloquent and intelligent. Specifically an article titled â€Å"Rage unto Order† by Dachine Rainer was very adamant about Baldwin’s genius as a writer but hardly did anything to explain or exemplify that fact. Another review written by Langston Hughes reflects upon how Baldwin clings to the issue of racial discrimination on Negroes and that if he let go of that fact it would prove him to be a greater writer. In the third article the authorRead MoreClaude Mckay s Harlem Dancer And Ended Around 1929 Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance began in 1918 with the publication of Claude McKay’s â€Å"Harlem Dancer† and ended around 1929. During this period, there was a wave of literary works by, and about, Blacks. The Harlem Renaissance was a period of great intellectual expression as well as introspection (Bodenner). There were several key moments and individuals that made this era of time historical. African American artists rejected imitating the ideals of white Americans and championed black artistic expression onRead More Writers of the Harlem Renaissance Essay2535 Words   |  11 PagesHarlem, a part of Manhattan in New York City, became a hugely successful showcase for African American talent. Starting with black literature, the Harlem Renaissance quickly grew to incredible proportions. W.E.B. Du Bois, Claude McKay, and Langston Hughes, along with many other writers, experienced incredible popularity, respect, and success. Art, music, and photography from blacks also flourished, resulting in many masterpieces in all mediums. New ideas began to take wings among circles of blackRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : An Important Piece Of History For America1473 Words   |  6 Pagesmost of it while it lasts. About twice a year I sell a story. It is acclaimed. I am a genius in the making. Thank God for this Negro literary renaissance. Long may it flourish!† Thurman made this statement to show how thankful he was for the Harlem Renaissance movement and for his opportunity to be a writer. Another great man of the Harlem Renaissance was a African American male by the name of Langston Hughes. Hughes was and is still a very famous author and poet. He is extremely popular due to the

Death summary case 3 Putul Barua free essay sample

HOSPITAL COURSE: The patient’s hospital course was characterized by progressively downhill course. He was initially hospitalized and found to be mildly hypoxic, which rapidly corrected subluminal low-flow oxygen therapy however, he gradually became more oxygen dependent on high-flow oxygen, eventually requiring intubation with mechanical ventilation in order to maintain his oxygenation. He underwent an open lung biopsy an attempt to delineate the etiology of his pulmonary situation, and this was reported as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and abilities. The specimen was sent to the Forest General Pathology Department for further evaluation, and they were able to give no further help concerning the ideology pf his pulmonary status. An echocardiogram showed left ventricular walls motion hypokinesia an ejection fraction of approximately 35%. Dr. J. K. McClain and other members of the cardiology department consulted on the patient. They felt that his hypokinesia and breathlessness were not secondary to his cardiac status. He had supraventricular cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. We will write a custom essay sample on Death summary case 3 Putul Barua or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The cardiology staff utilized intravenous medications that controlled the cardiac rate, adequately resolving these cardiac issues. I managed the patient’s venerator in the intensive care status along with my respiratory therapy team. Unfortunately the patient developed multiple infections, hospital acquired, included Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and probable fungemia. Multiple evaluations of the dispute lungs of the present’s active pulmonary tuberculosis were negative. The patient developed acute renal failure, managed by DR. Trever Jordan and his team of nephrologist by hemodialysis. Mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, nasoduodenal feeding tube were completed in an attempt to provide further support however, the patient continued to deteriorate. On January 15 at 0017 hours he became asystolic. Code Blue was called. The patient underwent advance cardiac life-support with multiple medications. He felt a response to the advance cardiac life-support and was pronounced dead at 0041 hours on January 15th. Permission for autopsy was denied. FINAL DIAGNOSES 1. Idiopathic fibrosis with alveolitis. 2. History of tuberculosis. 3. Acute renal failure. 4. Hospital acquired septicemia and a fungemia multiple organisms. ___________________ Simon Williams, MD Of pulmonology SW: XX D: 02/23/2014 T: 02/23/2014

The Patriot Act free essay sample

At midnight on October 26, 2001, George W. Bush signed the new law, the Patriot Act. This Act allowed the government to know what you are doing on online. The government also has the right to search your computer or send the FBI to search your house unannounced. The Patriot Act has increased security but lowered privacy. There is a question that the government is abusing the Act. Is the Patriot Act more helpful than hurtful or more harmful than handy? The â€Å"Patriot† in Patriot Act is an acronym for Provide Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. It is unknown who wrote the Act. It was drafted, debated, and passed in only 45 days. People on both sides have strong feelings on the issue. Rumors say that the president was forced into signing it. In 2000, Authorities nabbed the â€Å"Wig Bandit† bank robber when surveillance tapes were shown on TV and a viewer recognized him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Patriot Act or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is an example of using spy technology to catch criminals. The Patriot Act, signed and passed in 2001, makes it legal for the government to spy. The Patriot Act allows someone to spy on you from so far away that you look like a period. In 2003, TIA is created and named Terrorist Information Awareness. New privacy rules go into effect as a result of TIA. People are free to gather personal information about you in order to sell your things. That is perfectly legal. However, they may not gather information in order to steal your things. The Patriot Act secretly arrested and jailed more than 1,200 people after the signing. All of their information was sent into a classified database. The Patriot Act lets the FBI to look at library records. The FBI knows your IP address. â€Å"I have brought peace and prosperity to my new Empire†, stated Anakin Skywalker. On May 19, 2005, Star Wars III was released in theatres. In the movie, the evil emperor justifies his dictatorship by ens uring that everyone will be safe and secure in his new Empire. Some people thought that the creator, George Lucas, was making a political statement against the Patriot Act lost liberty in order to be safe equals lost democracy. The Act allows law enforcement to use surveillance against more crimes of terror. It created higher maximum penalties for different crimes and it prohibited the harboring of terrorists. Victims of third parties can request a search to be done. It reflects new technology and new threats. Law enforcement can conduct searches without the terrorists knowing they are being searched. Terrorists’ plots have been thwarted out because the government knew what they are doing on the internet. No more terrorist attacks have occurred in America since the Patriot Act was signed and passed. The Patriot Act facilitates info sharing and cooperation among government agencies so that they could solve cases easier. Law enforcement officials may obtain a search warrant a nywhere a terrorist activity occurs. Nothing in the Patriot Act changed search and seizure. The Act expands the power of FISA courts. The Patriot Act ensures security, which protects Americans’ Liberty. The Law enhances freedom. The Act is vital to protect America’s safety. Society needs to be safe and secure to flourish. It’s the government’s chief responsibility to protect its people. How do we preserve our rights to pursue life, freedom and the pursuit of happiness from terrorists trying to destroy us? We need to put up with some inconveniences and loose some liberty to protect ourselves and our democracy. We have to pay higher prices for imported goods so that they can be search and deemed safe. We have to have our bags and bodies checked at airports. We have to understand that to protect ourselves we may be subjected to FBI searches. To be safe, we have to be willing to make some personal sacrifices. Democracy is based on checks and balances. Our ch ecks and balances system is strong enough to ensure that the Patriot Act is not abused. It is a universal truth that the loss of liberty at home is to be charged to the provisions against danger†¦Ã¢â‚¬  -James Madison. Our forefathers stated that everyone is entitled to life, freedom and the pursuit of happiness. When liberties are constrained, we do not live in a democracy. Freedom is what our country is based on. It is a model for other countries, such as China, who do not allow liberties, such as free speech. Anyone who refuses to offer their allegiance to the country or the leader can be considered a terrorist under the Act. The Patriot Act could be abused to crush any supposed opposition to the government. Many of the things within the Act are not really accomplished. The Patriot Act cannot stop terrorism. There is a way to get past all technology blocks and firewalls. Firewalls cannot block everything. The company that put up the firewall can illegally sell the codes t hat can get your computer virus infected. When you make a purchase with a credit card you trust the store that it will not use your credit card to steal from you. Bill of Rights? Yeah, Right! Where is our freedom and free speech? Gone down the toilet since the Patriot Act 2001! Great Loss of Privacy on Oct. 26, 2001. Stronger internet privacy laws are needed, now! Every little click of a button is recorded, looked at, and stored in a memory base. Where is the privacy there? All to stop terrorism. Even though, 0 out of 5000 suspects have been convicted for terrorism. Children have the right to have online privacy. We have given up too many personal freedoms. The government now gets to search your home and never tell you. Your private property is now yours and the FBIs. They monitor your e-mails and your internet surfing. Government can arrest people on the internet. Violates the 1st (Freedom of Religion) and 4th (Search and Seizure) Amendments to the Constitution. Therefore there is no tangible evidence that the Act is working. A federal judge lifted a gag order that shielded the identity of the librarians. Free speech is important and the government is not showing it. The Patriot Act has backfired from a good thing to a bad thing. In total Roll Call number 414 there were 257 Yeas votes and 170 Nays. Court orders FBI to Release Patriot Act information. Some documents were opened to show the dumbness of the Patriot Act. It just makes America less safe and less free. Court declares parts of Patriot Act unconstitutional because it violates 1st and 4th Amendment. A federal district court judge struck down two key supports of Patriot Act, ruling that using a secret spying court to wiretap and search homes for criminal prosecutions. Censorship and secrecy may be turned on us as a weapon of SELF-DESTRUCTION, Court says. Two FBI agents searched a man’s house and the man was jailed. The Patriot Act has many pros and cons. Many people are very passionate about bo th sides of the issue. We are lucky to have a strong democracy. In this democracy, we have effective checks and balances to ensure the Act is upheld, deemed unconstitutional or not abused.

Free Essays on The Importance Of Time

The Importance of Time During the renaissance, many great writers were emerging from the lower class and into a much higher class. One of these famous writers is William Shakespeare, Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets. Through his works of literature he shows many universal elements, such as love death, time and other elements. Shakespeare’s sonnet form is very unique. Most of his sonnets use ten syllables per line and fourteen lines with a rhyme couplet at the last two lines. His pattern is usually a b a b c d c d e f e f g g. Shakespeare’s sonnets focus on the elements of love, death, time, and other elements that help explain the sonnet in greater detail. A well know myth is that sonnets 1 to 126 were addressed to a young man and that sonnets 127 to 152 were written to a â€Å"Dark Mysterious Lady† (Adventures in English Literature 136). â€Å"Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore, So do our minutes hasten to their end; Each Changing Place with that which goes before, In sequent toil forwards do contend. Nativity, once in the main of light, Crawls to maturity, wherewith being crown’d, Crooked eclipses ‘gainst his glory fight, And Time that gave doth now his gift confound. Time doth transfix the flourish set on youth And delves the parallels in beauty’s brow, Feeds on the rarities of nature’s truth, And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow: And yet to times in hope, my verse shall stand Praising thy worth, despite his cruel hand.† Lines 1 to 2 means when the sea tide moves onto the shore the tides is cut short. A human’s life does the same. â€Å"Our minutes† always seems to go by faster and quicker making life short. Lines 3 to 4 explain the changes of life from one thing to the next. Lines 5 to 8 are the stages of life from birth to maturity to death. Lines 9 to 12 explains how Time â€Å"transfixes† life and how Time takes a life after life was perfect. Lastly lines 13 to 14, the... Free Essays on The Importance Of Time Free Essays on The Importance Of Time The Importance of Time During the renaissance, many great writers were emerging from the lower class and into a much higher class. One of these famous writers is William Shakespeare, Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets. Through his works of literature he shows many universal elements, such as love death, time and other elements. Shakespeare’s sonnet form is very unique. Most of his sonnets use ten syllables per line and fourteen lines with a rhyme couplet at the last two lines. His pattern is usually a b a b c d c d e f e f g g. Shakespeare’s sonnets focus on the elements of love, death, time, and other elements that help explain the sonnet in greater detail. A well know myth is that sonnets 1 to 126 were addressed to a young man and that sonnets 127 to 152 were written to a â€Å"Dark Mysterious Lady† (Adventures in English Literature 136). â€Å"Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore, So do our minutes hasten to their end; Each Changing Place with that which goes before, In sequent toil forwards do contend. Nativity, once in the main of light, Crawls to maturity, wherewith being crown’d, Crooked eclipses ‘gainst his glory fight, And Time that gave doth now his gift confound. Time doth transfix the flourish set on youth And delves the parallels in beauty’s brow, Feeds on the rarities of nature’s truth, And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow: And yet to times in hope, my verse shall stand Praising thy worth, despite his cruel hand.† Lines 1 to 2 means when the sea tide moves onto the shore the tides is cut short. A human’s life does the same. â€Å"Our minutes† always seems to go by faster and quicker making life short. Lines 3 to 4 explain the changes of life from one thing to the next. Lines 5 to 8 are the stages of life from birth to maturity to death. Lines 9 to 12 explains how Time â€Å"transfixes† life and how Time takes a life after life was perfect. Lastly lines 13 to 14, the...

State and Society in 20th Century China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

State and Society in 20th Century China - Essay Example Globalization of business can be define as multi-directional because globalization is at the same time leading to greater emphasis on nation identity and leading to greater cooperation between nations. Globalization is creating a situation where manager must able to work with people from different cultures, nations, regions and continents. As China's economy has attracted attention from all over the world, lots of international companies can be found in China (Rodriguez, 2007). Due to globalization, most of the firms are workforce diversity. To be deal smoothly in China, foreigner should have ability to perform to a great extent when dealing with the Chinese. Globalization became a buzz word in the 1990s because of its influence in creating a world in which geographic location became increasingly irrelevant. In essence globalization refers to the unrestricted flow of goods, capital, information, technology and people across national borders (Chow, 5). Globalization is, however, by no means a new phenomenon and China has been subjected to its effects for many centuries (Alford, 1999). In fact, the effects of globalization in China go "as far back as the Han dynasty (206BC-220AD) when trade took place between the Han Chinese and neighboring people in the North-west through the Silk Route" (Chow, 3). Despite this, in the Qing Dynasty and the early stages of the Chinese Communist Party's rule, right up until Deng Xiaoping's open door policy, China tried to close its doors and restrict the influence of globalization (Street, 2000 and Chow, 11). This was not the first time that China was forced to confront and implement a national strategy to either embrace or combat the effects of globalization. In fact, as recently as the 1990s, China was confronted by this conundrum, namely: whether to continue its global economic expansion in the face of the Asian financial crisis or to once again close it doors and retreat inwards to protect itself from the economic fallout of a struggling region (Fishman, 25 and Nolan, 31). However, by carefully weighing the advantages and disadvantages of economic openness the Chinese government decided to open up the Chinese economy even more, and eventually joined the World Trade Organization by implementing large economic reforms (Bijian, 2). There is no doubting that these economic reforms and China's embracement of globalization has brought stunning results. Since starting to open up and reform its economy in 1978, China "has averaged 9.4 percent annual GDP growth, one of the highest growth rates in the world" (Bijian, 3). One of the reasons for the huge leaps in growth has come from direct foreign investment that has been facilitated by China's admission to the WTO. For example, in the space of a few days in 2004, a North Korean Steel Company launched a $500 million steel project in the Dalian development zone; France's St Gobain invested $70 million in one of its presented glass production lines in China; Germany's Siemens inaugurated its 14th office in China for development of software; and Finland's Stora Enso invested $1.6 billion in a paper pulp project in Guandong Province (Hall et al, Press). Such results have seen China become the third largest trading country in the world and the

Monitoring and Evaluating a Strategic Plan Assignment

Monitoring and Evaluating a Strategic Plan - Assignment Example In addition, this is a variable tool for managing the implementation process of a strategic plan (Bryson, 2004). It also facilitates determination of the resources that are required and those that are available in order to bridge the gap that would cause failure of the strategic plan. On the other hand, the evaluation process involves a comparison of the actual project agonist the effects of agreed strategic plan (Shapiro, 2012). Moreover, this focuses on the objectives of that should be accomplished by through the implementation process. Therefore, to Americare organization, the evaluation of their strategic plans implementation process is formative. In fact, the evaluation process facilitates improvement of the strategic plans functions. Moreover, it can be regarded summative in situation where they are learning from their fully implemented strategic plans. Nonetheless, the other aspect of strategic plan, which is monitored and evaluated is the performance, whereby a manager should keep track of the process through which various objectives are achieved (Bryson & Alston, 2005). On the other hand, the managers should sure that they are comparing the performance of the strategic plan with other completed

Ensure Justice and Equity Essay Example for Free

Ensure Justice and Equity Essay On the one hand, fixed punishment will have a deterring effect on society. â€â€"Individuals knowing that they will be subject to a certain punishment if they are convicted with a given crime will reconsider committing this act in the first place. â€â€"This deterring effect also leads to social stability and security, through minimizing the number of crimes committed. â€â€"If people knew they would be able to convince the court or the jury of reason for having committed the crime they are accused of, penal decisions would be largely arbitrary. This would result into criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts。 In my opinion an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity. There have to be fixed punishment for all crimes. However, criminal laws have to provide for a minimum and maximum for the punishment and the laws also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. An example for setting minimum and maximum penalties is Competition Law where a person being held liable of a crime under this law will be convicted to pay a fine, according to the harm caused by the violation and the profit gained by the violator through committing the crime. As for the exemptions, in some countries the law exempts thieves stealing food during a period of famine taking into consideration the distress and hunger. Also, a person killing in self-defense will be exempted from punishment.

Macbeth: How Money Killed :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth: How Money Killed Many of our friends at Wall Street have serious heart problems; some of them even die years before they should because of the stress that is brought on by the money and greed of Wall Street. Money is also evident as a health risk in Macbeth and The Merchant of Venice, both written by William Shakespeare. On Wall Street people are driven by the greed of the people they represent, their own greed, and a general atmosphere of greed. In Macbeth, Macbeth is driven by personal ambition and his wife to become king at any expense, including slaying some of his personal friends and their families. Also, in The Merchant of Venice, Shylock the Jew is driven by a hatred for Christians and personal greed. In both plays the character with the greed driven personality end up on the short end of the stick. Macbeth's and Shylock's drive of greed is revealed after just the first few scenes. Macbeth's drive of greed is evident after his encounter with the three witches; after which he tells Banquo that he is eager to learn more about his future as king. Shylock's greed is revealed when we learn that unlike Bassanio, Shylock charges interest on all his loans, and that he is quite ruthless in getting payments for money owed. "Three thousand ducats. 'Tis a good round sum./ Tree months from twelve, then let me see, the /rate--" (1.3.112-114). Upon this Bassanio asks Shylock if he will really owe him any interest; Shylock reacts as almost offended, and further explains that Bassanio will indeed owe him interest. For both Macbeth and Shylock, this is the beginning of the end. Macbeth's greed starts to become a problem when people start figuring out the truth behind Duncan's death. Macbeth realizes that he is well beyond to point of no return and that the only thing left to do is to keep eliminating people whom may potentially stand in his way, or hurt his political figure such as when Macbeth sends orders to have Macduff's family assassinated because Macduff hurt Macbeth politically by not showing up at the party. "The castle of Macduff I will surprise/Seize upon Fife; give to th' edge o' th' sword/His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls/That trace him in his line" (4.2.150-153). Macbeth plots to kill Macduff's wife and child just because he didn't show up at his party where he was being blundersome any way. Shylock's greed goes from being a problem for Antonio to being a problem for himself. As Antonio's ships

History of Modern Middle East Essay

This paper aims to provide a detailed understanding of the concept of Arab nationalism and the impact it had on the Arab-Israeli conflict. Arab nationalism is a nationalist ideology that grew during the time when the Great ottoman empire which had been ruling most of the eastern territory for the almost 500 years was facing its demise. So in order to properly understand the concept of the Arab nationalism we need to have background knowledge of the fall of the Ottoman Empire. After ruling the eastern area which included the Middle Eastern territory for more than 500 years the Turks within the ranks of the empire started to ignore other ethnicities which mostly included the Arabs and the Christians and scores of people from these backgrounds started to accept the Turk dominance. This was precisely the time period during which a sense of separate identity started to develop among the local Arab population. The political and religious thinkers among the Arabs who were well aware of the Arabs glorious past became concerned that if the wind continues to blow in the same direction the Arabs would lose their identity and would eventually become foreigners in the land that had historically been theirs. So they began looking for the ways to restore the sense of national pride among the Arabs and at the same time plot the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Their efforts paid off when the Ottoman Empire allowed the Jews scattered all over Europe to heavily invest in the deserted areas of its territory. This decision which was a plan to earn tax revenues turned out to be a disaster for the empire because it provided the Arabs a wealthy ally against the Empire. So the Jews started to migrate into their purchased lands in Arab lands and new cities like Tel Aviv and Jerusalem started to form, scores of Arab people also decided to move into these areas impressed by the Jews’ living standard and education. Later on more and more influx of Jews from different parts of Europe along with the local Arab support proved fatal for the Ottoman Empire who found itself losing control over their territory as the Arabs became more vocal against them and managed to capture a lot of land from the empire. But the ground reality was that the Jews were quietly gaining control of major parts which had been previously controlled by the empire. A new battle for the control of major strategic position started between the Arabs and the Jews. The Balfour declaration issued by the British government in 1917 made the Arabs more indignant, which supported the establishment of a Jew state in the midst of the Arab land. By the end of First World War almost all of the territory previously controlled by the Ottoman Empire came under the control of western power. The British mandate included what is today Jordan, Israel and Gaza. Other major areas which included Egypt, Syria, morocco and Lebanon were also being governed by what the Arab intellectuals considered the agents of western imperialism. At this stage the Arab nationalism had taken root in the Arab minds and the Arab leaders which included Christians along with the Muslims in region decided to form an alliance against the western imperialism. The point that should be emphasized here is that the idea of Arab nationalism had been based on the fact that the Arabs considered the Ottoman Empire guilty of giving away the power to the west by adopting their ways of life and the allowing the influence of western power in their region. The issue of Jews dominance in what is today Israel surfaced later. Amongst the prominent proponents of this ideology was a Christian Syrian philosopher Al Yazigi who took a view that the rise of modern Europe was based on Islamic values while the Ottoman empire and the Arabs had abandoned those values, that’s why if the Arabs want to keep their land and progress in the political sphere, they need to revive the principles of Islam and rediscover their fading sense of self-identity. Al-Yazigi later on organized several movements in Syria to raise awareness of his ideology. Another important contributor to this idea was Egyptian scholar Mohammed Abduh. He shared the view of Al-Yazigi that the Ottoman Empire was wrong in adopting the apparently modern ideas while abolishing the true Islamic principles which were the foundation of Arab nations’ success in the past. He also felt the need to restore the Arabs’ self-esteem as a nation and made attempts at making this view reach every Arab’s mind living in his native Egypt. Later on 1911 Al-fatat was formed in Paris whose aim was also the revival of Arab nationalism. The European powers were strongly behind this ideology as they wanted to break the rule of the Ottoman Empire in the region. Arab nationalist leaders shared this objective with the European power but wanted to take over the regime themselves rather than watch the European powers taking direct control of the area. So the Arab nationalist movement started out against the Ottoman Empire and when the Empire collapsed it took a different turn and was then directed towards removing the western powers from directly controlling the Arab area. That’s is why the idea of Arab nationalism played a crucial role in the Arab-Israel conflict that surfaced after the first world war and became intense after the second world war when a UN committee allowed the Jews to form a separate state in 1948 named Israel. Leaders from Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and morocco then became convinced that they need to get rid of the Western influence in their countries and also drive the Jews out of power who were now in total control of the land which the Arabs call the Palestine. The 1948 war of independence was the result of this coalition among the Arab nations i. e. (Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Yemen) in which Israel came out the winner and occupied most of the Palestinian territory. After this war on several occasions the Arab nationalism played a crucial role in this conflict till 1972. Major leaders involved include Gamal Abdul Nasser of Egypt, Muammar al-Gaddafi of Libya, Shukri al-Quwatli of Syria and Ahmed bin Bella of Algeria. Following the 1948 war of independence all the Arab countries began to target Jews living on their lands and consequently large population of Jews migrated to from these areas into Israel. Almost 1 million Jews migrated from Arab countries to Israel from 1949 to 1954. In 1956 Gamal Abdul Nasser closed the passage between Sinai and Arabian Peninsula and took the Suez Canal under government control in order to block the Israeli ships from passing through. Israel tried to attack the seas with the British backing and get the route open once again. It eventually happened due to the UN intervention which Egypt didn’t follow for long and blocked the passage again. Situation became really intense in 1967 when the Egyptian leader gathered the political and military support of the Soviet Union and organized other Arab nations under the Pan-Arab movement to attack Israel and capture the Arab land from the Jews. Situation was quite different from the 1948 war because the proper organization of military resources and unity of the Arab leadership as Jordan and Syria joined hands with the Egyptian leader. The result was the six day war which much to the disappointment of the Arab world was won by Israel due to its superiority in Air force technology and captured major strategic positions of Gaza strip, east Jerusalem and most importantly the Sinai passage. After that defeat the Arab nationalist powers by mutual consent boycotted Israel and concluded that Israel be not recognized by any of them. Gamal Abdul Nasser lost his life in 1970 when Egypt tried again to recapture the Sinai Peninsula. Since that time several wars have been fought between the Arab world and Israel and a lot of blood has been spilled on both sides, and it seems that neither party is ready to give up on their principles as this discontent between Arab nations with Jews transfers from one generation to the next. This essays aims to discuss the Iranian revolution and its roots and analyze the impact it had on the Islamic political movements across the Middle East. Iranian revolution which is now widely known as the Islamic revolution was the event which started in the 1970 and was eventually completed in 1979. This revolution resulted in the downfall of monarchy and establishment of federation based on Islamic Shria in Iran. The major reasons why this revolution is deemed to be one of the most important turn around in the history are the sheer amount of people involved in this revolution, its short time period and its impact on the rest of the world especially the Middle Eastern region. The Major force behind this revolution was the Islamic clerical leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Before this revolution Iran had been a monarchy for several dynasties. Ayatollah Khomeini who was considered a prominent figure in the religious circles of Iran took a view that the monarchy of Iran was increasingly becoming a follower of the western powers and polluting the minds of the people in Iran. Mohammed Reza shah Pahlavi who took over the monarch from his father in 1919 proved to be the last emperor of his dynasty. The reason behind his demise are not agreed upon by the historians but it can be concluded that his ambition of making Iran a modern westernized state with the backing of western world was the major reason of his fall from the authority. After taking over the thrown he tried to run the state in an authoritarian fashion and adopted policies which in his view would take make Iran a modernized state. He established closed relationship with the United States and other powerful Western forces. He abolished the rules of Shria and instead adopted the ones that the Shiite Muslim population of Iran considered to be unacceptable, additionally his autocratic style of governance and the lack of functional discipline were also the factors that convinced the population of Iran that it was time for a change. Ayatollah Khomeini who had been exiled from the country by the shah due to his anti-monarch and anti-west stance picked on this weakness of the Shah and started to gather support of the population who believed in Islamic values. Khomeini’s idea of the government was based on the Islam. He demanded that monarchy be immediately abolished and an Islamic state be formed instead. Khomeini first came to surface in 1963 as a vocal opponent of what he called white revolution in which shah decided to allow minorities to hold government office and granted women the rights to vote. And from then on his support began to pick up as the shah became unpopular by the day. The movement picked up the pace only after 1976 and later on speedily removed shah from his seat. Khomeini who was living exile continued to raise awareness among the Muslim population about shah’s policies, which were heavily influenced by the American government and at the same time reiterated the need to bring a change. First mass gathering took place after the death of Khomeini’s son in 1977 and thousand of people gathered to protest against the shah. Then early in the year 1978 another mass protest was held by the Islamist students’ foundation in the city of Qom. Several casualties were reported as the shah ordered the military to control the crowd which proved to be an overwhelming task because of the large number of people involved. In the same year another supreme cleric Ayatollah kazem shariatmadari joined broke his silence and joined Khomeini in his movement when one of his followers was shot dead at his place. Shariatmadari didn’t share the theocratic view with Khomeinie but the supported the idea of abolishment of monarchy. Meanwhile the Shah continued his struggle for westernization and kept holding the meetings with the then American president jimmy carter who assured him of his support during that period of turmoil. The shah tried to bring some economic stability by cutting back on the government spending but it also turned out to be a bad decision as it resulted in mass layoffs and the joining of the newly unemployed with the rebels. Things turned nasty when 400 people were reported dead in the Rex Cinema killings in august. The anti-Shah element then took their movement to a whole new level by calling on a mass strike which ceased virtually the whole economy and the success of this strike virtually guaranteed the completion of the revolution in people’s minds while the shah scrambled to make amends and tried to control the situation fast deteriorating. Finally in the start of the New Year 1979 the Shah to the joy of Khomeini and his followers fled his Iran and Khomeini later returned to his native state to establish a government based on Shria. The impact of this revolution was widespread in the Muslim world as well as well as internationally. No other country has witnessed a revolution such as this before, its basis on the theological ideal and large support the Islamic leaders managed to get from the seemingly westernized crowd provided an example to follow for other the leaders of similar motives in other Middle Eastern states. It gave the religious clerics a new belief that they can get rid off the western influence and perhaps converts their own state based purely on theocratic principles. It had most influence on the neighboring countries of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq where the population of Shiites is substantial. After only a few days of revolution some 400 Iranian militants tried to attack and capture the holy city f Mecca in Saudi Arabia and later on Saudi authorities got a major shock when the an Ashura procession transformed into political one in which people chanted slogans in support of Khomeini. Shiite clerics in Lebanon managed to transform their state into an Islamic one while other countries in the Arab region also adopted an approach to government based on religious principles. Since the turn around in Iran the political Islam has been the main theme of almost all the countries in the region and the clerics now have a deep-seated awareness of the fact that the people in the region are moved by the their religion and they can use the religion as a means of creating political movement. The governments in these countries are also well aware of this fact and until now have been trying keeping policies in line with the Shria. The strong anti-west stance taken by Iran provided by Iran has been an emblem of this revolution and that continued to this day. Israel has also been a major target after episode cleared as the religious elements hold a strong feeling for the Palestinians believing that the Jews are unjust holders of the land that actually belongs to the Muslims. Verbal attacks between these two sides are now a common site while a war between Hezbollah controlled Lebanon and Israel was one of the major events of the decade in which Hezbollah managed to successfully defend their territory.

Classical Yoga, Advaita Vedanta, And Tantra Yoga - 1929 Words

The story, myth, and background of Kali can be interpreted in many different ways. There are three strands of yoga that have developed over the past centuries. The tree strands are Classical Yoga, Advaita Vedanta, and Tantra Yoga. Classical Yoga is a dualistic model in which purusha and prakriti are completely separate. Everything has an equal and opposite counter-part in this strand of yoga. Advaita Vedanta Yoga was a response to dualistic, Classical Yoga. This strand of yoga is monistic and is a view that affirms the unity of all things. Everything is one. The divine consciousness is everywhere and in everything we see. Tantra Yoga is non-dualistic while also realizing and accepting that there is diversity in the world. Each of these strands of yoga looks at Kali’s story differently and its significance is different in each view. In Classical Yoga, the view is that one must overcome prakriti. In doing so, the individual is able to free the mind from their body to experience purusha. Kali is the creator of prakriti. She is the force that drives the world and it’s lila. It is often thought that when a bad storm or tornado hits, it is her doing. A yogi of this view would meditate to Kali as the goddess of destruction, not the mother. They would face that she is the unity of all things, being the creator and destroyer of everything we embrace in this material world as seen with her dance in the myth. This yogi would learn to face the reality of life and death. If one simply